Monday, December 23, 2013

HOW DOES BRAIN FUNCTION-NORMALLY


WHAT IS BRAIN?

--------------------

THIS IS A BUNDLE OF COLLECTION OF ELECTRICAL WIRES COMPOSED OF NEURONAL TISSUES,VERY COMPLEXLY INTERCONNECTED TO VARIOUS ORGANS &WITHIN ITSELF
&OWEN LKE A SWEATER, MILLION TIME MORE COMPLICATED.
2)HUNDRED &THOUSANDS OF NEURONS FUNCTION WITH OTHER NEURONS THROUGH INTER CONNECTIVITY.
3)THEY PRODUCE ELECTICITY CONSTANTLY
4)THEY TRANSMIT IMPULSES  TO DESIRED DESTINATIONS.THE NUEROTRANSMITTERS ACT LIKE CATALYST FOR FINAL TRANSMISSION OF IMPULSES AT TARGET LEVEL
5)DIFFERENT NEURONES
 DO THEIR FUNCTIONS INDEPENDANTLY &COORDINATE WITH OTHER FUNCTIONS TO ACHIEVE FINAL ACCOMPLISHMENT OF DESIRED WORK.
6)SOME FUNCTIONS ARE ,MOTOR,/SENSORY/EMOTIONAL/REFLEX
7)TO ACHIEVE THIS NORMAL SCORE NEURO ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGY,&BIOCHEMISTRY,A GOOD BLOOD SUPPLY IS ESENTIAL& SHOULD BE PROVIDED AS SOON AS BIRTH OCCURS WITHIN 10-20 MINUTES(APGAR
SCORE DESIRED IS 10/10)

PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY
--------------------------
ALL BRAIN BLOOD VESSELS ARE NOT OPEN AT BIRTH.MANY ARE NOT PATANT.THEIR 
PATENCY IS OPENED ,BY INCREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE DUE TO NEONATAL .LUXURIOUS CRY. ,RESULTING IN VARIOUS  GOOD CONNECTIVITY.  ABSCENCE OF SUCH CRY CAN CAUSE SIGNIFICANT DIFFICIENCY RESULTING IN VARIOUS DISABILITY OF WHICH
AUTISM IS VERY IMPORATANT(CONCEPT STESSED BY THIS AUTHER)

ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS.
----------------------------------------
SEROTONIN
---------------- SECRETION RESPONDS TO SENSORY INPUTS RECIEVED BY ALL 5 SPECIAL SENSES.
DOPAMINE:--TOO MUCH DOPAMINE SECRETION AFFECT EMOTIONAL STATE,ABILITY TO CONCENTRATE &ABILITY TO LEARN

GABA --PREVENTS OTHER AREA OF THE BRAIN FROM OVER STIMULATED BY BALANCING OTHER TRANSMITTERS


AUTISM-CAUSES

1)GENETIC--5-20 GENES AS CLUSTER GROUP
2)HYPER IMMUNE STATE
3)FRESH COW'S MILK(NOT IN FORMULA TINNED POWDER)
4)DRUGS TO ANTINATAL MOTHERS
5)ALL VACCINES FROM BIRTH-3 YEARS--SPECIALLY DPT CONTAINS ALUMINIUM
ALSO IMMUNOGLOBULIN MEDIATED ADVERSE REACTON
MULTIPLE VACCINES ON SAME DAY-SOME PRODUCE PLATLET DEFICIENCT CAUSING INTRA CRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE,LEADING TO NUERONAL DAMAGE

6) ANY DAIRY PRODUCT
7)GLUTEN--A PROTIEN CONTAINED IN WHEAT
8)IMPAIRED CORTICAL ACTIVITY--CONGENITAL/AQUIRED
9)FAILURE OF FUNCTION OF FOLLOWING COGNITIVE AREAS OF THE BRAIN
a)LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION
b)VISUO SPATIALPROCESSING
c)SOCIAL COGNITION
d)EXECUTIVE FUNGTIONING
11)DIFFERENT GUT FLORA(URINARY METABOLIC PHENOTYPING)
12)IRREGULAR WHITE MATTER TRACT LEADING TO REDUCED ANATOMICAL CONNECTIVITY OR FUNCTIONAL UNDER CONNECTIVITY WHICH MAY BE CONGENITAL OR AQUIRED.
13)INCREASED SIZE OF AMYGDALA,AROUND AGE ONE YEAR DISRUPTING CONECTIVITY(DIAGNOSIS BY FMRI)
14)ANOXIC BRAIN DAMAGE AT ANY AGE SPECIALLY DURING IMPROPER NEONATAL RESUSSITATION



Saturday, December 21, 2013

NEONATAL RESUSSITATION--AUTHER'S STATISTICS

THE FOLLOWING ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS WERE ENCOUNTERED  FOR NEONATAL RESUSSITATION DURING A 5YEAR STUDY:--

CAUSE                                                        NO.OF CASES             PERCENTAGE
1)FOETAL DISTRESS
UNCASSIFIED                                           144                                 18.23
2)LSCS                                                         140                                 17.72
3)DIFFICULT LABOUR
PROLONGED PERINATAL PERIOD           72                                   9.11
4)EARLY RUPTURE OF MEMBRANE         64                                   8.10
5)PRETERMS                                                 144                                  18.23
6)CORD AROUND NECK                             62                                      7.8
7)AMNIOTIC FLUID ASPIRATION               40                                      5.06
8)BIG BABIES                                                   36                                     4.55
9)MECONIUM ASPIRATION                           30                                     3.79
10)LBW                                                               12                                     1.5
11)HAND PROLAPSE                                        16                                      2.02
12)CORD PROLAPSE                                         12                                      1.5
13)SHOULDER PRESENTATION                        6                                       0.75
14)BREACH(VAGINAL DELIVERY)                   6                                        0.75
15)TRANSVERSE LIE                                          6                                        0.75
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SHOWING THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF RESUSSITATION TECHNIQUE


TACTILE STIMULATION                                  461                                     59.0
TRACHEAL SUCCTION                                    188                                     23.5
DRUG STIMULATION                                        141                                     17.5
TOTAL                                                                  790                                      1OO SUCCESS RATE                          













































Friday, December 20, 2013

AUTISM--MOTOR EXERCISE FOR MOUTH& PHARYNX /STIMULATE SENSATIONS

AS THERE WILL BE ATLEAST A MINIMAL HYPOTONIA IN MAJORITY CASES , PHYSIOTHERAPY SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE ENTIRE BODY /UPPER &LOWER EXTRIMITY
BESIDES CHILD MUST DO THE FOLLOWING
1)CHEWING MOVEMENTS  2)SWALLOWING MOVEMENTS 3)BLOWING AIR(BALOON WITH A TUBULAR STICK) 4)BLOCK CHILD'S NOSE--ALLOW TO BREATH THROUGH MOUTH 5)BLOCK MOUTH--ALLOW TO BREATH THROUGH NOSE.
ALL THE ABOVE  HELPS THE CHILD TO SWALLOW BETTER & FOR BETTER PHONATION

TO STIMULATE SENSORY SYSTEM
-------------------------------------------
POUR HOT WATER &COLD WATER ALTERNATIVELY ON LOWER &UPPER LIMBS FOR 
5 MINUTES IN THE MORNING &EVENING DAILY


AUTISM &EYECONTACT

WHAT IS AN EYE CONTACT?
WHEN TWO PEOPLE MEET &LOOK AT EACH OTHER'S EYES AN EYE CONTACT IS SAID TOHAVEBEEN ESTABLISHED.THIS IS AN IMPORTANT SIGN OF INTELLIGENCE IN A CHILD'S DEVELOPEMENT. THIS MAY BE PRESENT FROM 1-3 MONTHS OF AGE.IF NOT IT NEEDS DOCTORS OPENION.

IN THE CASE OF AN AUTISTIC CHILD  EYE CONTACT IS ABSCENT & IS A SIGN  QUO NON
OF A BEHAVIOURAL DISORDER EXISTING.

HOW TO ESTABLISH EYE CONTACT WHEN IT IS ABSCENT?
1)TRAINERS EYE MUST BE AT THE SAME LEVEL AS OF PATIENT.IMMOBILISE CHILD IN A CHAIR.ADJUST CHAIR HEIGHT ACCORDINGLY
2)TRAINER MUST HAVE A CATCHY EYE FRAME PREFERABLY DECORATED WITH TINY COLOUR BULBS.
3)TRAINER MUST TOUCH HIS OWN NOSE SEVERAL TIMES WHILE TEACHING
4)PASTE SOME SMALL STICKERS ON TRAINER'S FOREHEAD
5) BIG RINGS MAY HANG O THE EARS OF THE TRAINER TO ATTRACT ATTENTION OF CHILD
6)CHILD'S FACE SHOULD BE IMMOBILISED LIKE OPHTHAL MICROSCOPE EXAM
7))A THIN HARD BOARD BOX MAY BE DESIGNED LIKE HELMET WITH A PROJECTILE
SIIGHT OBSTRUCTION ON  BOTH EYES LATERALLY ONLY, SO THAT CHILD IS COMPELLED TO SEE STRAIGHT
 



SIGNS OF INTELGENCE IN CHILDREN

FOLLOWING ARE SIGNS OF INTELLIGENCE(SOI)AT VARIOUS AGE OF CHILDS
MENTAL DEVELOPEMENT:
A)30 DAYS)CAN FIX EYE CONTACT ,COMMUNICATE VISUALLY &VERBALLY &BY BODY LANGUAGE.CAN HEAR ALSO.
B)AGE 3 MONTHS--ALL THE ABOVE.IF NOT SUSPECT CNS DEFECT. KEEP YOUR OBSERVATION SHARP.CONSULT A DOCTOR.
C)1-2 YRS.--VOCAL SOUNDS MEANINGFUL WORDS LIKE MAMA DADA ,PAPA OR ANY OTHER WORD LIKE MMM, GA GA VERY GOOD EYE CONTACT.UNDERSTANDS WHO IS THE MOST IMPORTANT IN THE FAMILY
D)3 YRS.--SHOULD SPEAK MORE THAN 20 WORDS
E)CAN TELL STORIES IN 10 SENTANCES

ACHILD WHO DREAMS OFTEN LIKELY TO HAVE LESS MEMORY
A CHILD WHO GRINDS TEETH MAY HAVE LESS MEMORY.
A CHILD WITH SEIZURE(FITS) DISORDER  MAY HAVE TENDENCY FOR MENTAL DISORDER THESE CHILDREN CAN BE TREATED BY APPROPRIATE DRUGS ,BEHAVIURAL THERAPY &OCCUPATION THERAPY
drselvarajp@yahoo.com
AN  OFTEN CRYING CHILD NORMALLY HAS ABOVE NORMAL INTELLIGENCE
A CHILD WHO MAKESTHROATY VOICES EARLY COULD SPEAK EARLIER
A CHILD WITH EXCESS SALIVATION COULD SPEAK EARLIER
A THUMB SUCKING CHILD IS USUALLU FOUND TO HAVE ABOVE NORMAL IQ.

Wednesday, December 18, 2013

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME ( R D S)

This is common problem very often noticed  in very low to extremely low birth weight babies usually below 1200 Gms.The lungs of these babies  can not inflate or deflate like normal babies during respiration due to lack of elasticity in the finer bronchioles &alveoli & is due to a deficiency or abscence of a surfactant.This is in short due to a lack of pulmonary maturity in the intra uterine life where lungs dont breath & are liver like in consistancy. once the lung maturity is satisfactory it is ready for air entry &exit.this happens usually after 28 weeks of pregnancy or the foetal weight is above 1200-1500g.under such circumstances the obstetricians
usually push in inravenous steroids to expedite lung maturity,when the pregnancy threatens for a delivery.the obstetricians will adopt various ways to postpone delivery.If delivery is inevitable &the baby is born with a weight of below 1500 g,the neonate may develope RDS.Though the prognosis is bad mortality is high some surfactants are usually tried,intra tracheally through a catheter via endotracheal tube slowly  drop by drop to fecilitate breathing.The success rate is very small However the following drug may be tried(along with steroid
intravenously)(usually procured &kept ready,in anticipation of a premature delivery)

DRUGS USED IN SURFACTANT REPLACEMENT&THEIR DOSAGE.(can be repeated 6-12 hourly 
intra-tracheally)totally 4 to 8 doses can be given    ;

surventa(bovine)  100 mg /kg/dose                                MEDICAL ALERT 1-800-8170895
 infasurf(calf)        105mg/kg/dose
curosurf(porcine)  100-200mg/kg/dose
alveofact(bovine)   50mg/kg/dose
bles(bovine)          135mg/kg/dose
surfactan(bovine)   100mg/kg/dose                               drselvarajp@yahoo.com