Monday, October 26, 2009

malaria&dengue in a child-rarest of a rare case .

DR PSELVARAJ.CONSULTANT PEDIATRICIAN,. SRM SPECIALITY HOSPITAL
SRM UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI.
TO
THE EDITOR THE ANTISEPTIC

SIR. I AM SENDING AN ARTICLE FOR YOUR PERUSAL &CONSIDERATION OF
PUBLICATION IN YOUR JOURNAL.
THANKING YOU
DR P SELVARAJ.


MALARIA &DENGUE IN A CHILD.
------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION:WE GET ABOUT 300 CHILDREN PER MONTH WITH HISTORY OF FEVER,RARELY WE GET A POSITIVE SMEAR STUDY FOR MALARIA.THIS CHILD SOUGHT ADMISSION AFTER FAILURE OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY,FOR ONE WEEK FOR FEVER FROM A GP.MORE OVER THIS IS SWINE FLU SEASON &PEOPLE ARE SCARED THAT ALL FEVERS COULD BE SWINE FLU FEVER.!

ABSTRACT:A CHILD WAS ADMITTED FOR FEVER OF ONE WEEK DURATION.SHE HAD HEPATOMEGALY LOW PLATELET COUNT LEUCOPENIA,&PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA.SHE MADE AN EVENTFUL RECOVERY WITH ANTIMALARIALS+PLATELET TRANSFUSION.

KEY WORDS:LEUCOPENIA,THROMBOCYTOPENIA,ECHYMOTIC PATCH,DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER,IgG IgM ANTIBODIESSWINE FLU.
CASE PRESENTATION:
A 12 YEAR OLD GIRL CHILD WAS ADMITTED FOR FEVER OF ONE WEEK DURATION.SHE LOOKED VERY SICK,AS SHE HAD FREQUENT &SEVERE VOMITING.HER TEMPERATURE WAS 104.F.HAD BLUISH PATCHES ON THE SKIN AROUND ANKLES,REDDISH SPOTS ON THE UPPER ARMS.ECHYMOTIC PATCHES AT 3 SPOTS IN THE UPPER ARMS .HAD
GENERALISED PRURITIS&ALSO LOCALISED IN THE LEGS AT,HEMORRHAGIC
SUB CUTANIOUS SITES.,AS ALSO AT EXTERNAL GENITALIA,MORE NEAR URETHRAL MEATUS.
INVESTIGATIONS:
THE FOLLOWING INVESTIGATIONS WERE DONE:
HB,TBC,DC,ESR,PERIPHERAL SMEAR STUDY ,PLATELET COUNT, BLOOD GROUPING RH TYPING,IgG&IgM ANTIBODIES FOR DENGUE FEVER,URINE C&S FOR 3DAYS.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
1)MALARIA:ANY FEVER CAN BE DIAGNOSED AS CLINICAL MALARIA EVEN WITHOUT BLOOD SMEAR STUDY.IN OUR CASE SMEAR WAS POSITIVE FOR VIVAX MALARIA.
2)URINARY TRACT INFECTION:BEING A FEMALE CHILD WITH PRESENTING VOMITING,UTI IS COMMENEST.
3)SWINE FLU FEVER:CHILD DID NOT HAVE ANY RESPIRATORY SIGN OR SYMPTOM
IT COULD BE SWINE FLU UNLESS PROVED BY THROAT SWAB/STOMACH ASPIRATE.
4)CNS INFECTION:THOUGH CONSCIOUSNESS WAS NORMAL,IT COULD HAVE A CNS PATHOLOGY UNLESS RULED OUT BY A CSF EXAM.
5)DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER:
SHE HAD CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF SUB CUTANEUS HEMORRHAGIC SPOTS,COUPLED WITH LEUCOPENIA &THROMBOCYTOPENIA,GENERALISED &LOCALISED PRURITIS.
LAST BUT NOT LEAST,TOURNIQUET TEST FOR CAPPILLARY FRAGILITY WAS POSITIVE
LAB TEST FOR IgG ANTIBODIES WAS POSITIVE..
THIS IS A COMMON TROPICAL DISEASE LIKE LEPTOSPIROSIS AT CHENNAI.

DIAGNOSIS:

FINAL DIAGNOSIS:

1)PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA
2)DENGUE HEAMORRHAGIC FEVER
3)LUECOPENIA
4)THROMBOCYTOPENIA
5)SUBCUTANEUS HAEMORRHAGE
6)HEPATOMEGALY

Sunday, October 25, 2009

TREATMENT:
ANTIMALARIAL TREATMENT AS PER ,W.H.O.RECOMMENDATIONWAS GIVEN WITH LARIAGO+PRIMAQUIN FOR MALARIA.FOUR UNITS OF PLATELET TRANSFUSIONS GIVEN TO CORRECT HAEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES.
DISCUSSION:
SCREENING TREATMENT OF A FEVER CASE IS NOT A SIMPLE ONE.MANY GENERAL PRACTITIONERS HAVE THE HABIT OF PRESCRIBING AN ANTIBIOTIC,OFTEN EVEN IF THERE IS NO INDICATION. ANY FEVER MAY BE TREATED AS MALARIA AS PER W.H.O.
MANY DO NOT LIKE THIS VIEW.MALARIAL PARASITE'S ABSENCE FROM PERIPHERAL SMEAR,DOES NOT RULE OUT MALARIA.PARASITES OFTEN BECOME VISIBLE ONLY IF THERE IS ENOUGH LOAD OF PARASITES IN THE BLOOD TO A TUNE OF 2500PARASITES PER ML OF BLOOD.SUCH A SITUATION IS VERY COMMON IN TRIBAL AREAS,OR NEAR JUNGLES,OR NEAR WATER RESERVOIRS,WHERE MOSQUITO'S THRIVE IN ABUNDANCE.
CONCLUSION
---------------
A CASE OF MALARIA+DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WAS DIAGNOSED IN A CHILD OF 12 YEARS THROUGH BLOOD MICROBIOLOGY/BIOCHEMISTRY&TREATED SUCCESSFULLY.TO OUR KNOWLEDGE THIS MAY BE THE FIRST PEDIATRIC CASE OF MALARIA+DENGUE COMBINED IN THE SAME CASE,EVER REPORTED IN THE WORD MEDICAL LITERATURE.SHE WAS ASYMPTOMATIC AT THE TIME OF DISCHARGE.

REFERENCES:
1)HARRISON .TEXT BOOK OF MEDICINE,9edition1982
2)WALDO NELSON .TEXT BOOK OF PEDIATRICS
3)OM SESSIONS ET AL.DISCOVERY OF INSECT &HUMAN DENGUE VIRUS HOST FACTORS.
NATURE DOI.2009
4)NIAID.EXPERTS SEE DENGUE AS POTENTIAL THREAT TO US PUBLIC HEALTH.
JAN 8 2008.
DENGUE FEVER REMEDY USE OF PAPPAYA LEAVES.
FORUM.INDIANETZONE.COM/8/DENGUE_FEVER_REMEDY.HTM-
5)TOURNIQUET TEST FOR CAPPILLARY FRAGILITY--W.H.O
6)WWW.WELLSPHERE.COM/TEST FOR DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER
7)WHO MEDIA CENTER.MEDIA INQUIRIES@WHO.INT
8)WWW.AMBEF.ORG
9)WWWMMU.ORG
10)WWW.DHPE.ORG/INFECT/DENGUE.HTML.
11)EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE HEALTH GENERAL.
WWW.THE FREE LIBRARY.COM/CONCURRENTPLASMODIUM+VIVAX+MALARIA+AND+DENGUE